Publications

Alexandra M. Freund

Gong, X., & Freund, A. M. (in press). People Do Not Always Want More: Effects of Gains and Satisfaction on Goal Orientation in Different Age Groups. Motivation and Emotion.

Freund, A.M. (2024). Goals in old age: What we want when we are old and why it matters. Current Opinion in Psychology, 57, 101803. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101803

Rolison, J. & Freund, A.M. (2024). What is the psychology of aging? Current Opinion in Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101804

Mayr, U., Rohovit, T., & Freund, A. M. (2024). Increases in prosociality across adulthood: The pure altuism hypothesis. Current Opinion in Psychlogy, 55, 101782, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2023.101782

Scholz, U., Mundry, R., & Freund, A. M. (2023). Predicting the use of a COVID‐19 contact tracing application: A study across two points of measurements. Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being, 15(4), 1673-1694. https://doi.org/10.1111/aphw.12461

Scholz, U., Bermudez, T., & Freund, A. M. (2023). COVID-19 protective behaviors: A longitudinal study applying an extended protection motivation theory. Health Psychology, 42(11), 822-834. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0001322

Scholz, U., Bermudez, T., & Freund, A. M. (2023). COVID-19 protective behaviors: A longitudinal study applying an extended protection motivation theory. Health Psychology. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0001322

Moersdorf, L., Daum, M.M., Eid, M., & Freund, A.M. (2023). Chasing the “how” and “why” of goal pursuit: A multimethod approach to the study of goal focus. Journal of Research in Personality. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2023.104371

Elmi. C. M., Napolitano, C. M., & Freund, A. M. (2023). Shift happens. Changes in goal orientation during goal pursuit. European Psychologist. Advanced online publication. https://doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000496

Horn, S. S., Schaltegger, T., Best, R., & Freund, A. M. (2023). Pay one or pay all? The role of incentive schemes in decision making across adulthood. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, 78, 51-61. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbac108

Schüttengruber, V. , & Freund, A. M. (2023). Expectations for exhaustion and recovery: The sample case of work and leisure. Perspectives in Psychological Science, 31-47. https://doi.org/10.1177/17456916221134529

Mayer, Z., & Freund, A. M. (2022). Better off without? Benefits and costs of resolving goal conflict through goal shelving and disengagement. Motivation and Emotion, 46(6), 790-805. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-022-09966-x

Rutt, J. L., Isaacowitz, D. M., & Freund, A. M. (2022). Age and information preference: Neutral information soources in decision contexts. PLOS One. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0268713

Löckenhoff, C. E., Drewelies, J., Duezel, S., Steinhagen-Thiessen, E., Demuth, I. Freund, A. M., Staudinger, U. M., Lindenberger, U., Wagner, G. G., Ram, N., & Gerstorf, D. (2022). Sociohistorical change in urban older adults’ perceived speed of time and time pressure. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, 77(3), 457–466. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbab094

Moersdorf, L., Daum, M. M., & Freund, A. M. (2022). For whom is the path the goal? A lifespan perspective on the development of goal focus. Collabra: Psychology, 8(1): 31603. https://doi.org/10.1525/collabra.31603

Moersdorf, L., Freund, A. M., & Daum, M. M. (2022). Spelling out some unaddressed conceptual and methodological challenges in empirical lifespan research. Acta Psychologica, 226. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2022.103585

Best, R., & Freund, A. M. (2021). Beyond money: Nonmonetary prosociality across adulthood. Psychology and Aging, 36(1), 96–107. https://doi.org/10.1037/pag0000548

Cardini, B. B., & Freund, A. M. (2021). Recovery from accumulated strain: The role of daily mood and opportunity costs during a vacation. Psychology & Health, 36(8), 913–933. https://doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2020.1809661

Depping, M. K., Best, R., & Freund, A. M. (2021). From gains to losses: Age-related differences in decisions under risk in a non-monetary gambling task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 39, 312–329. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjdp.12362

Freund, A. M., Hennecke, M., Brandstätter, V., Martin, M., Boker, S. M., Charles, S. T., Fishbach, A., Hess, T. M., Heckhausen, J., Gow, A. J., Isaacowitz, D. M., Klusmann, V., Lachman, M. E., Mayr, U., Oettingen, G., Robert, P., Röcke, C., Rothermund, K., Scholz, U., Tobler, P. N., Zacher, H., & Zadeh, R. S. (2021). Motivation and healthy aging: A heuristic model. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, 76(S2), S97–S104. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbab128

Freund, A. M., & Keil, A. (2021). Adult age-related differences in appetitive and aversive associative learning. Emotion, 21(6), 1239–1251. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000860

Freund, A. M., & Tomasik, M. J. (2021). Managing conflicting goals through prioritization? The role of age and relative goal importance. PLoS ONE 16(2): e0247047. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247047

Gong, X., & Freund, A. M. (2021). Does goal orientation modulate satisfaction with cognitive performance in different age groups? The Journals of Gerontology: Series B. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbab195

Heckhausen, J., Brandstätter, V., Fishbach, A., Freund, A. M., Lachman, M. E., & Robert, P. (2021). Goal changes and healthy aging. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, 76(S2), S105-S114. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbab038

Hess, T. M., Freund, A. M., & Tobler, P. N. (2021). Effort mobilization and healthy aging. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, 76(S2), S135–S144. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbab030

Horn, S., & Freund, A. M. (2021). Adult age differences in monetary decisions with real and hypothetical reward. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1002/bdm.2253

Horn, S., & Freund, A. M. (2021). How do gain and loss incentives affect memory for intentions across adulthood? The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, 76(4), 711–721. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbaa140

Horn, S. S., & Freund, A. M. (2021). Adult age differences in remembering gain- and loss-related intentions. Cognition and Emotion, 35(8), 1652–1669. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2021.1986375

Isaacowitz, D. M., Freund, A. M., Mayr, U., Rothermund, K., & Tobler, P. N. (2021). Age-related changes in the role of social motivation: Implications for healthy aging. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, 76(S2), S115–S124. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbab032

Mayer, Z., & Freund, A. (2021). Self-control from a multiple goal perspective of mixed reward options. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 44, E48. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X20000916

Napolitano, C. M., Kern, J. L., & Freund, A. M. (2021). The backup planning scale (BUPS): A brief, self-reported measure of a person’s tendency to develop, reserve, and use backup plans. Journal of Personality Assessment. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2021.1966021

Nikitin, J., & Freund, A. M. (2021). Does focusing on others enhance subjective well-being? The role of age, motivation, and relationship closeness. Psychology and Aging, 36(1), 69–82. https://doi.org/10.1037/pag0000489

Scholz, U., & Freund, A. M. (2021). Determinants of protective behaviours during a nationwide lockdown in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. British Journal of Health Psychology, 26(3), 935–957. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjhp.12513

Aczel, B., Szaszi, B., Sarafoglou, A., Kekecs, Z., Kucharský, Š., Benjamin, D., Chambers, C. D., Fisher, A., Gelman, A., Gernsbacher, M. A., Ioannidis, J. P., Johnson, E., Jonas, K., Kousta, S., Lilienfeld, S. O., Lindsay, D. S., Morey, C. C., Munafò, M., Newell, B. R., Pashler, H., Shanks, D. R., Simons, D. J., Wicherts, J. M., Albarracin, D., Anderson, N. D., Antonakis, J., Arkes, H. R., Back, M. D., Banks, G. C., Beevers, C., Bennett, A. A., Bleidorn, W., Boyer, T. W., Cacciari, C., Carter, A. S., Cesario, J., Clifton, C., Conroy, R. M., Cortese, M., Cosci, F., Cowan, N., Crawford, J., Crone, E. A., Curtin, J., Engle, R., Farrell, S., Fearon, P., Fichman, M., Frankenhuis, W., Freund, A. M. et al. (2020). A consensus-based transparency checklist. Nature Human Behaviour, 4(1), 4–6. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-019-0772-6

Cardini, B. B., & Freund, A. M. (2020). More or less energy with age? A motivational life-span perspective on subjective energy, exhaustion, and opportunity costs. Psychology and Aging, 35(3), 369–384. https://doi.org/10.1037/pag0000445

Freund, A. M. (2020). The bucket list effect: Why leisure goals are often deferred until retirement. American Psychologist, 75(4), 499–510. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000617

Gong, X., & Freund, A. M. (2020). It is what you have, not what you lose: Effects of perceived gains and losses on goal orientation across adulthood. Journals of Gerontology: Series B, 75(10), 2106–2111. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbz163

Kaftan, O. J., & Freund, A. M. (2020). How to work out and avoid procrastination: The role of goal focus. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 50(3), 145–159. https://doi.org/10.1111/jasp.12646

Kekäläinen, T., Freund, A. M., Sipilä, S., & Kokko, K. (2020). Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between leisure time physical activity, mental well-being and subjective health in middle adulthood. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 15(4), 1099–1116. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-019-09721-4

Mayr, U., & Freund, A. M. (2020). Do we become more prosocial as we age, and if so, why? Current Directions in Psychological Science, 29(3), 248–254. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721420910811

Cardini, B. B., & Freund, A. M. (2019). When the fun is over: Toward a motivational account of exhaustion and recovery. European Psychologist, 24(4), 322–336. https://doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000361

Hanoch, Y., Rolison, J. J., & Freund, A. M. (2019). Reaping the benefits and avoiding the risks: Unrealistic optimism in the health domain. Risk Analysis: An International Journal, 39(4), 792–804. https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.13204

Kaftan, O. J., & Freund, A. M. (2019). A motivational perspective on academic procrastination: Goal focus affects how students perceive activities while procrastinating. Motivation Science, 5(2), 135–156. https://doi.org/10.1037/mot0000110

Napolitano, C. M., & Freund, A. M. (2019). Adding life to one’s added years: Self-regulatory balancing of life domains across old age. Advances in Life Course Research, 41, 100278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.alcr.2019.04.008

Nikitin, J., & Freund, A. M. (2019). Individual differences in habitual social goals and daily well-being: The role of age and relationship closeness. European Journal of Personality, 33(3), 337–358. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.2190

Nikitin, J., & Freund, A. M. (2019). The motivational power of the happy face. Brain Sciences, 9(1), 6. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci9010006

Nikitin, J., & Freund, A. M. (2019). Who cares? Effects of social approach and avoidance motivation on responsiveness to others. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 45(2), 182–195. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167218781335

Nikitin, J., Schoch, S., Gong, X., & Freund, A. M. (2019) Social motives, attributions and expectations as predictors of the decision to participate in a speed-dating event. Motivation and Emotion, 43(4), 610–624. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-019-09762-0

Rolison, J. J., Hanoch, Y., & Freund, A. M. (2019). Perception of risk for older adults: Differences in evaluations for self versus others and across risk domains. Gerontology, 65(5), 547–559. https://doi.org/10.1159/000494352

Best, R.,* & Freund, A. M. (2018). Age, loss minimization, and the role of probability for decision-making. Gerontology, 64(5), 475–484. https://doi.org/10.1159/000487636

Hanoch, Y., Rolison, J. J., & Freund, A. M. (2018). Does medical risk perception and risk taking change with age? Risk Analysis, 5, 917-928. https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.12692

Nikitin, J., & Freund, A. M. (2018). Feeling loved and integrated or lonely and rejected in everyday life: The role of age and social motivation. Developmental Psychology, 54, 1186-1198, https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000502

Thigpen, N. N., Keil, A., & Freund, A. M. (2018). Responding to emotional scenes: Effects of response outcome and picture repetition on reaction times and the late positive potential. Cognition and Emotion, 32, 24–36. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2016.1266305

Almeling, L., Senn-Reulen, H., Hammerschmidt, K., Freund, A. M., & Fischer J. (2017). Social interactions and activity patterns of old Barbary macaques: Further insights into the foundations of social selectivity. American Journal of Primatology, 79:e22711. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajp.22711

Demiray, B., & Freund, A. M. (2017). The psychological distance of memories: Examining causal relations with mood and self-esteem in young, middle-aged and older adults. Consciousness and Cognition, 49, 117–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2017.01.004

Diehl, M., Wahl, H. W., & Freund, A. M. (2017). Ecological validity as a key feature of external validity in research on human development. Research in Human Development, 14, 177–181. https://doi.org/10.1080/15427609.2017.1340053

Freund, A. M. (2017). The ill-fated quest for fame in psychological research. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 12, 1141-1144. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691617723148

Knecht, M., & Freund, A. M. (2017). The use of selection, optimization, and compensation (SOC) in goal pursuit in the daily lives of middle-aged adults. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 14, 350–366. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405629.2016.1207518

Napolitano, C., & Freund, A. M. (2017). First evidence for "The Backup Plan Paradox." Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 146, 1189–1203. https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0000331

Nikitin, J., & Freund, A. M. (2017). Social motives predict loneliness in a developmental transition. Swiss Journal of Psychology, 76, 145–153. https://doi.org/10.1024/1421-0185/a000201

Tomasik, M. J., Knecht, M., & Freund, A. M. (2017). Some evidence for the usefulness of an optimal foraging theory perspective on goal conflict and goal facilitation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 113, 962–980. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000165

Wiese, B. S., Heidemeier, H., Burk, C. L., & Freund, A. M. (2017). When work takes over: Emotional labor strategies and daily ruminations about work while at home. Journal of Personnel Psychology, 16, 150–154. https://doi.org/10.1027/1866-5888/a000174

Almeling, L., Hammerschmidt, K., Sennhenn-Reulen, H., Freund, A. M., & Fischer, J. (2016). Motivational shifts in aging monkeys and the origins of social selectivity. Current Biology, 26, 1744–1749. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2016.04.066

Hennecke, M., & Freund, A. M. (2016). Age, action orientation, and self-regulation during the pursuit of a dieting goal. Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being, 8, 19–43. https://doi.org/10.1111/aphw.12060

Isaacowitz, D. M., & Freund, A. M. (2016). Comment: Emotion, goals and distance: A view from the study of adult development and aging (Peer commentary on the paper “Approach and avoidance as organizing structures for motivated distance perception” by E. Balcetis). Emotion Review, 8, 132–133. https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073915586228

Knecht, M., & Freund, A. M. (2016).  Boundary management: A time-sampling study on managing work and private life in middle adulthood. Research in Human Development, 13, 297–311. https://doi.org/10.1080/15427609.2016.1234307

Knecht, M., Wiese, B. S., & Freund, A. M. (2016). Going beyond work and family: A longitudinal study on the role of leisure in the work–life interplay. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 37, 1061–1077. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2098

Krause, K., & Freund, A. M. (2016). It’s in the means: Process focus helps against procrastination in the academic context. Motivation and Emotion, 40, 422–437. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-016-9541-2

Napolitano, C. M., & Freund, A. M. (2016). On the use and usefulness of backup plans. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 11, 56–73. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691615596991

Weiss, D., Job, V., Mathias, M., Grah, S., & Freund, A. M. (2016). The end is (not) near: Aging, essentialism, and future time perspective. Developmental Psychology, 52, 996–1009. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000115

Weiss, D., Sczesny, S., & Freund, A. M. (2016). Wanting to get more or protecting one’s assets: Age-differential effects of gain versus loss perceptions on the willingness to engage in collective action. Journals of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences, 71, 254–264. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbu098

Demiray, B., & Freund, A. M. (2015). Michael Jackson, Bin Laden and I: Functions of positive and negative, public and private flashbulb memories. Memory, 23, 487–506. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2014.907428

Freund, A. M. (2015). Getting at developmental processes through experiments. Research in Human Development, 12(3-4), 261–267. https://doi.org/10.1080/15427609.2015.1068033

Freund, A. M., & Hennecke, M. (2015). On means and ends: The role of goal focus in successful goal pursuit. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 24, 149–153. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721414559774

Freund, A. M., & Staudinger, U. M. (2015). The value of "negative" appraisals for resilience. Is positive (re)appraisal always good and negative always bad? Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 38, 29–30. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X14001526

Gestsdottir, S., Geldhof, G. J., Paus, T., Freund, A. M., Adalbjarnardottir, S., Lerner, J. V., & Lerner, R. M. (2015). Self-regulation among youth in four Western cultures: Is there an adolescence-specific structure of the Selection-Optimization-Compensation (SOC) model? International Journal of Behavioral Development, 39, 346–358. https://doi.org/10.1177/0165025414542712

Nikitin, J., & Freund, A. M. (2015). Adult age differences in frequency estimations of happy and angry faces. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 39, 266–274. https://doi.org/10.1177/0165025414542838

Nikitin, J., & Freund, A. M. (2015). The indirect nature of social motives: The relation of social approach and avoidance motives with likeability via extraversion and agreeableness. Journal of Personality, 83, 97–105. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12086

Nikitin, J., & Freund, A. M. (2015). What you want to avoid is what you see: Social avoidance motivation affects the interpretation of emotional faces. Motivation and Emotion, 39, 384–391. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-014-9459-5

Schoch, S., Nikitin, J., & Freund, A. M. (2015). Why do(n’t) you like me? The role of social approach and avoidance motives in attributions following social acceptance and rejection. Motivation and Emotion, 39, 680–692. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-015-9482-1

Senko, C., & Freund, A. M. (2015). Are mastery-avoidance achievement goals always detrimental? An adult development perspective. Motivation and Emotion, 39, 477–488. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-015-9474-1

Valero, D., Nikitin, J., & Freund, A. M. (2015). The effect of age and time perspective on implicit motives. Motivation & Emotion, 39, 175–181. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-014-9453-y

Freund, A. M., & Blanchard-Fields, F. (2014). Age-related differences in altruism across adulthood: Making personal financial gain versus contributing to the public good. Developmental Psychology, 50, 1125–1136. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034491

Freund, A. M., & Isaacowitz, D. M. (2014). Aging and social perception: So far, more similarities than differences. Psychology and Aging, 29, 451–453. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0037555

Freund, A. M., Knecht, M., & Wiese, B. S. (2014). Multidomain engagement and self-reported psychosomatic symptoms in middle-aged women and men. Gerontology, 60, 255–262. https://doi.org/10.1159/000358756

Hennecke, M., & Freund, A. M. (2014). Identifying success on the process level reduces negative effects of prior weight loss on subsequent weight loss during a low-calorie diet. Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being, 6, 48–66. https://doi.org/10.1111/aphw.12021

Krause, K., & Freund, A. M. (2014). Delay or procrastination: A comparison of self-report and behavioral measures of procrastination and their impact on affective well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 63, 75–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.01.050

Krause, K., & Freund, A. M. (2014). How to beat procrastination: The role of goal focus. European Psychologist, 19, 132–144. https://doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000153

Nikitin, J., Schoch, S., & Freund, A. M. (2014). The role of age and motivation for the experience of social acceptance and rejection. Developmental Psychology, 50, 1943–1950. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0036979

Freund, A. M., Nikitin, J. & Riediger, M. (2013). Successful aging. In R. M. Lerner, M. A. Easterbrooks, & J. Mistry (Vol. Eds.), Handbook of psychology: Vol. 6. Developmental psychology (2nd ed., pp. 615-638). New York, NY: Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118133880

Depping, M. K., & Freund, A. M. (2013). When choice matters: Task-dependent memory effects in older adulthood. Psychology and Aging, 28, 923–936. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034520

Freund, A. M., & Isaacowitz, D. M. (2013). Beyond age comparisons: A plea for the use of a modified Brunswikian approach to experimental designs in the study of adult development and aging. Human Development, 56, 351–371. https://doi.org/10.1159/000357177

Freund, A. M., & Keil, A. (2013). Out of mind, out of heart: Attention affects duration of emotional experience. Cognition and Emotion, 27, 549–557. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2012.725574

Freund, A. M., Weiss, D., & Wiese, B. S. (2013). Graduating from high school: The role of gender-related attitudes, self-concept and goal clarity in a major transition in late adolescence. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 10, 580–596. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405629.2013.77250

Hennecke, M., & Freund, A. M. (2013). Competing goals draw attention to effort, which then enters cost-benefit computations as input. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 36, 690–691. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X13001027

Lewandowsky, S., Stritzke, W. G. K., Freund, A. M., Oberauer, K., & Krueger, J. I. (2013). Misinformation, disinformation, and violent conflict: From Iraq and the "War on Terror " to future threats to peace. American Psychologist, 68, 487–501. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034515

Mustafić, M., & Freund, A. M. (2013). Age-related differences in evaluating developmental stability. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 37, 376–386. https://doi.org/10.1177/0165025413490866

Weiss, D., Sassenberg, K., & Freund, A. M. (2013). When feeling different pays off: How older adults can counteract negative age-related information. Psychology and Aging, 28, 1140–1146. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0033811

Berger, S., & Freund, A. M. (2012). Fear of failure, disorganization, and subjective well-being in the context of preparing for an exam. Swiss Journal of Psychology, 71, 83–91. https://doi.org/10.1024/1421-0185/a000074

Freund, A. M., & Hennecke, M. (2012). Changing eating behaviour vs. losing weight: The role of goal focus for weight loss in overweight women. Psychology and Health, 27, Supp. 2, 25–42. https://doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2011.570867

Mustafić, M., & Freund, A. M. (2012). Means or outcomes? Goal orientation predicts process and outcome focus. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 9, 493–499. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405629.2012.661411

Mustafić, M., & Freund, A. M. (2012). Multidimensionality in developmental conceptions across adulthood. GeroPsych, 25, 57–72. https://doi.org/10.1024/1662-9647/a000055

Nikitin, J., Burgermeister, L., & Freund, A. M. (2012). The role of age and social motivation in developmental transitions in young and old adulthood. Frontiers in Psychology, 3:366. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00366

Weiss, D., & Freund, A. M. (2012). Still young at heart: Negative age-related information motivates distancing from same-aged people. Psychology and Aging, 27, 173–180. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0024819

Weiss, D., Freund, A. M., &, Wiese, B. S. (2012). Mastering developmental transitions in young and middle adulthood: The interplay of openness to experience and traditional gender ideology on women's self-efficacy and well-being. Developmental Psychology, 48, 1774–1784. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028893

Depping, M. K., & Freund, A. M. (2011). Normal aging and decision making: The role of motivation. Human Development, 54, 349–367. https://doi.org/10.1159/000334396

Freund, A. M. (2011). Introduction to the special section: The role of gender in school-related transitions and beyond. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 35, 193–194. https://doi.org/10.1177/0165025411400805

Freund, A. M., Kourilova, S., & Kuhl, P. (2011). Stronger evidence for own-age effects in memory for older as compared to younger adults. Memory, 19, 429–448. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2011.583929

Hachfeld, A., Lippke, S., Ziegelmann, J. P., & Freund, A. M. (2011). Wahrgenommene Zielkonflikte zwischen Gesundheitszielen: Ergebnisse einer Intervention zur Förderung von körperlicher Aktivität und Ernährung [Perceived intergoal conflicts between two health goals: Results of a health intervention to enhance physical activity and a healthy diet]. Zeitschrift für Medizinische Psychologie, 20, 60–71. https://doi.org/10.3233/ZMP-2011-2014

Nikitin, J., & Freund, A. M. (2011). Age and motivation predict gaze behavior for facial expressions. Psychology and Aging, 26, 695–700. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0023281

Scheibe, S., Blanchard-Fields, F., Wiest, M., & Freund, A. M. (2011). Is longing only for Germans? A cross-cultural comparison of Sehnsucht in Germany and the United States. Developmental Psychology, 47, 603–618. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021807

Wiese, B. S., & Freund, A. M. (2011). Parents as role models: Parental behavior affects adolescents’ plans for work involvement. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 35, 218–224. https://doi.org/10.1177/0165025411398182

Freund, A. M., Hennecke, M., & Riediger, M. (2010). Age-related differences in outcome and process goal focus. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 7, 198–222. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405620801969585

Hennecke, M., & Freund, A. M. (2010). Staying on and getting back on the wagon: Age-related improvement in self-regulation during a low-calorie diet. Psychology and Aging, 25, 876–885. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019935

Nikitin, J., & Freund, A. M. (2010). When wanting and fearing go together: The effect of co-occurring social approach and avoidance motivation on behavior, affect, and cognition. European Journal of Social Psychology, 40, 783–804. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.650

Wiese, B. S., Seiger, C. P., Schmid, C. M., & Freund, A. M. (2010). Beyond conflict: Functional facets of the work-family interplay. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 77, 104–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2010.02.011

Freund, A. M., Nikitin, J., & Ritter, J. O. (2009). Psychological consequences of longevity: The increasing importance of self-regulation in old age. Human Development, 52, 1–37. https://doi.org/10.1159/000189213

Freund, A. M., & Ritter, J. O. (2009). Midlife crisis: A debate. Gerontology, 55, 582–591. https://doi.org/10.1159/000227322

Keil, A., & Freund, A. M. (2009). Changes in the sensitivity to appetitive and aversive arousal across adulthood. Psychology and Aging, 24, 668–680. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016969

Ritter, J. O., & Freund, A. M. (2009). Asymmetric comparison in choice processes. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 3, 582–600. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9004.2009.00189.x

Freund, A. M. (2008). Successful aging as management of resources: The role of selection, optimization, and compensation. Research in Human Development, 5, 94–106. https://doi.org/10.1080/15427600802034827

Freund, A. M., & Staudinger, U. M. (2008). Introduction to special issue. Research in Human Development, 5, 65–68. https://doi.org/10.1080/15427600802034702

Nikitin, J., & Freund, A. M. (2008). The role of social approach and avoidance motives for subjective well-being and the successful transition to adulthood. Applied Psychology, 57(s1) , 90–111. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.2008.00356.x

Riediger, M., & Freund, A. M. (2008). Me against myself: Motivational conflicts and emotional development in adulthood. Psychology and Aging, 23, 479–494. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0013302

Scheibe, S., & Freund, A. M. (2008). Approaching Sehnsucht (life longings) from a life-span perspective: The role of personal utopias in development. Research in Human Development, 5, 121–133. https://doi.org/10.1080/15427600802034868

Scheibe, S., Freund, A. M., & Baltes, P. B. (2007). Toward a developmental psychology of Sehnsucht (life longings): The optimal (utopian) life. Developmental Psychology, 43, 778–795. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.43.3.778

Ebner, N. C., Freund, A. M., & Baltes, P. B. (2006). Developmental changes in personal goal orientation from young to late adulthood: From striving for gains to maintenance and prevention of losses. Psychology and Aging, 21, 664–678. https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.21.4.664

Freund, A. M. (2006). Age-differential motivational consequences of optimization versus compensation focus in younger and older adults. Psychology and Aging, 21, 240–252. https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.21.2.240

Riediger, M., & Freund, A. M. (2006). Focusing and restricting: Two aspects of motivational selectivity in adulthood. Psychology and Aging, 21, 173–185. https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.21.1.173

Li, S.-C., & Freund, A. M. (2005). Advances in lifespan psychology: A focus on biocultural and personal influences. Research in Human Development, 2, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15427617rhd0201&2_1

Riediger, M., Freund, A. M., & Baltes, P. B. (2005). Managing life through personal goals: Intergoal facilitation and intensity of goal pursuit in younger and older adulthood. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences, 60B, P84–P91. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/60.2.P84

Wiese, B. S., & Freund, A. M. (2005). Goal progress makes one happy, or does it? Longitudinal findings from the work domain. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 78, 287–304. https://doi.org/10.1348/096317905X26714

Freund, A. M., Hütt, M.-T., & Vec, M. (2004). Selbstorganisation: Aspekte eines Begriffs- und Methodentransfers [Self-organization: Aspects of a transfer of terminology and methods]. Systeme, 18, 3–20.

Riediger, M., & Freund, A. M. (2004). Interference and facilitation among personal goals: Differential associations with subjective well-being and persistent goal pursuit. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30, 1511–1523. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167204271184

Freund, A. M. (2003). Die Rolle von Zielen für die Entwicklung [The role of goals for development]. Psychologische Rundschau, 54, 233–242. https://doi.org/10.1026//0033-3042.54.4.233

Freund, A. M. (2003). Scientists are crazy men in white lab coats: Scientists and science in the public eye. Nova Acta Leopoldina, 87(325) , 235–237.

Freund, A., & Baltes, P. B. (2003). Pour un développement et un vieillissement réussis: Sélection, Optimisation et Compensation [Successful development and aging: Selection, optimization, and compensation]. Revue Québécoise de Psychologie, 24, 27–52.

Freund, A. M., & Baltes, P. B. (2002). The adaptiveness of selection, optimization, and compensation as strategies of life management: Evidence from a preference study on proverbs. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences, 57B, P426–P434. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/57.5.P426

Freund, A. M., & Baltes, P. B. (2002). Life-management strategies of selection, optimization, and compensation: Measurement by self-report and construct validity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82, 642–662. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.82.4.642

Smith, J., & Freund, A. M. (2002). The dynamics of possible selves in old age. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences, 57B, P492–P500. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/57.6.P492

Wiese, B. S., Freund, A. M., & Baltes, P. B. (2002). Subjective career success and emotional well-being: Longitudinal predictive power of selection, optimization, and compensation. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 60, 321–335. https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.2001.1835

Freund, A. M., & Riediger, M. (2001). What I have and what I do: The role of resource loss and gain throughout life. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 50, 370–380. https://doi.org/10.1111/1464-0597.00063

Lerner, R. M., Freund, A. M., De Stefanis, I., & Habermas, T. (2001). Understanding developmental regulation in adolescence: The use of the selection, optimization, and compensation model. Human Development, 44, 29–50. https://doi.org/10.1159/000057039

Li, K. Z. H., Lindenberger, U., Freund, A. M., & Baltes, P. B. (2001). Walking while memorizing: Age-related differences in compensatory behavior. Psychological Science, 12, 230–237. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.00341

Wiese, B. S., & Freund, A. M. (2001). Zum Einfluss persönlicher Prioritätensetzungen auf Maße der Stimuluspräferenz: Erste empirische Befunde [The infleunce of setting of personal priorities on the magnitiude of stimulus preference: Initial empirical findings]. Zeitschrift für Experimentelle Psychologie, 48, 57–73. https://doi.org/10.1026//0949-3946.48.1.57

Wrosch, C., & Freund, A. M. (2001). Self-regulation of normative and non-normative developmental challenges. Human Development, 44, 264–283. https://doi.org/10.1159/000057066

Wiese, B. S., Freund, A. M., & Baltes, P. B. (2000). Selection, optimization, and compensation: An action-related approach to work and partnership. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 57, 273–300. https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.2000.1752

Freund, A. M., & Baltes, P. B. (1999). Selection, optimization, and compensation as strategies of life management: Correction to Freund and Baltes (1998). Psychology and Aging, 14, 700–702. https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.14.4.700

Freund, A. M., & Smith, J. (1999). Content and function of the self-definition in old and very old age. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences, 54B, P55–P67. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/54B.1.P55

Freund, A. M., & Smith, J. (1999). Methodological comment: Temporal stability of older person’s spontaneous self-definition. Experimental Aging Research, 25, 95–107. https://doi.org/10.1080/036107399244165

Freund, A. M., & Baltes, P. B. (1998). Selection, optimization, and compensation as strategies of life management: Correlations with subjective indicators of successful aging. Psychology and Aging, 13, 531–543. https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.13.4.531

Staudinger, U. M., & Freund, A. M. (1998). Krank und „arm“ im hohen Alter und trotzdem guten Mutes? Untersuchungen im Rahmen eines Modells psychologischer Widerstandsfähigkeit [Sick and “poor” in old age and still in good spirits? A study of psychological resilience]. Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie, 27, 78–85.

Freund, A. M. (1997). Individuating age salience: A psychological perspective on the salience of age in the life course. Human Development, 40, 287–292. https://doi.org/10.1159/000278732

Freund, A. M., & Smith, J. (1997). Die Selbstdefinition im hohen Alter [Self-definition in old age]. Zeitschrift für Sozialpsychologie, 28, 44–59.

Carstensen, L. L., & Freund, A. M. (1994). The resilience of the aging self. Developmental Review, 14, 81–92. https://doi.org/10.1006/drev.1994.1004

Mittag, W., Liebig, H., Freund, A., & Schwarzer, R. (1991). Selbstaufmerksamkeit und belastende Lebensereignisse: Eine Längsschnittstudie zur Rückfälligkeit von Alkoholikern [Self-consciousness and stressful life events: A longitudinal study of relapse in alcoholics]. Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie, 20, 154–165.

Book Chapters

Freund, A. M. (2019). Psychological considerations of the power motive. In T. Singer & M. Ricard (Eds.), Power and care: Toward balance for our common future—science, society, and spirituality (pp. 49–54). MIT Press.

Freund, A. M., Napolitano, C. M., & Rutt, J. L. (2019). Personality development in adulthood: A goal perspective. In D. P. McAdams, R. L. Shiner, & J. L. Tackett (Eds.), Handbook of personality development (pp. 313–327). Guilford Press.

Moghimi, D., Scheibe, S., & Freund, A. M. (2019). The model of selection, optimization, and compensation. In B. B. Baltes, C. W. Rudolph, & H. Zacher (Eds.), Work across the lifespan (pp. 81–110). Elsevier Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-812756-8.00004-9

Napolitano, C. M., & Freund, A. M. (2019). The model of selection, optimization, and compensation. In D. Gu & M. Dupre (Eds.), Encyclopedia of gerontology and population aging (online publication). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69892-2_109-1

Nikitin, J., & Freund, A. M. (2019). The adaptation process of aging. In R. Fernandez-Ballesteros, J. M. Robine, & A. Benetos (Eds.), The Cambridge handbook of successful aging (pp. 281–298). Cambridge University Press.

Freund, A. M., Napolitano, C. M., & Rutt, J. (2018). Personality development in adulthood. In D. P. McAdams, R. L. Shiner, & J. L. Tackett (Eds.), Handbook of development (pp. 313–327). Guilford Press.

Kaftan, O. J., & Freund, A. M. (2018). The way is the goal: The role of goal focus for successful goal pursuit and subjective well-being. In E. Diener, S. Oishi, & L. Tay (Eds.), Handbook of well-being. DEF Publishers. https://doi.org/nobascholar.com

Freund, A. M. (2017). Motivational changes across adulthood: The role of goal representations for adult development and aging. In R. A. Scott & M. C. Buchmann (Eds.), Emerging trends in the social and behavioral sciences: An interdisciplinary, searchable, and linkable resource (pp. 1–15). https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118900772.etrds0424

Freund, A. M., Napolitano, C. M., & Knecht, M. (2017). Life-management through selection, optimization, and compensation. In N. A. Pachana (Ed.), Encyclopedia of geropsychology (pp. 1389–1397). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-082-7_130

Hennecke, M., & Freund, A. M. (2017). The development of goals and motivation. In J. Specht (Ed.), Personality development across the life-span (pp. 257–273). Elsevier Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-804674-6.00016-8

Freund, A. M. (2015). Life management, developmental psychology of. In J. D. Wright (Ed.), International encyclopedia of the social & behavioral sciences (2nd ed., Vol. 14, pp. 85–88). Elsevier Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-097086-8.23020-1 85

Freund, A. M., & Hennecke, M. (2015). Self-regulation in adulthood. In J. D. Wright (Ed.), International encyclopedia of the social & behavioral sciences (2nd ed., Vol. 21, pp. 557–562). Elsevier Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-097086-8.26061-3

Napolitano, C. M., & Freund, A. M. (2015). Model of selection, optimization, and compensation. In S. Krauss Whitbourne (Ed.), The encyclopedia of adulthood and aging (pp. 929–933). John Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118521373.wbeaa149

Freund, A. M., Weiss, D., & Nikitin, J. (2014). Modelle der Handlungsmotivation zur erfolgreichen Entwicklung [Action motivation models of successful development]. In L. Ahnert (Ed.), Theorien in der Entwicklungspsychologie (pp. 282–309). Springer.

Hennecke, M., & Freund, A. M. (2014). Zielfokus, Prozessfokus und Ergebnisfokus [Goal focus, process focus, and outcome focus]. In M. A. Wirtz (Ed.), Dorsch: Lexikon der Psychologie (17th ed.; pp. 1825–1827). Hans Huber.

Ritter, J. O., & Freund, A. M. (2014). Values across adulthood: A neglected developmental construct guiding thought and action over time. In P. Verhaeghen & C. Hertzog (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of emotion, social cognition, and everyday problem solving during adulthood (pp. 273–287). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199899463.013.017

Weiss, D., Wiese, B. S., & Freund, A. M. (2014). What should I do with my life? Motivational, personal, and contextual factors in mastering the transition of graduating from high school. In I. Schoon & J. S. Eccles (Eds.), Gender differences in aspirations and attainment: A life course perspective (pp. 125-145). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139128933

Freund, A. M., & Hennecke, M. (2012). Lebensgestaltung im höheren Alter [Lifestyle in old age]. In H.-W. Wahl, C. Tesch-Römer, & J. P. Ziegelmann (Eds.), Angewandte Gerontologie: Interventionen für ein gutes Altern in 100 Schlüsselbegriffen (pp. 212–217). Kohlhammer.

Freund, A. M., Hennecke, M., & Mustafic, M. (2012). On gains and losses, means and ends: Goal orientation and goal focus across adulthood. In R. M. Ryan (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of human motivation (pp. 280–300). Oxford University Press.

Freund, A. M., & Nitikin, J. (2012). Junges und mittleres Erwachsenenalter [Young and middle adulthood]. In W. Schneider & U. Lindenberger (Eds.), Entwicklungspsychologie (pp. 259–282). Beltz.

Freund, A. M., Nikitin, J., & Riediger, M. (2012). Successful aging. In R. M. Lerner, M. A. Easterbrooks, & J. Mistry (Eds.), Handbook of psychology: Developmental psychology (pp. 615–638). John Wiley & Sons.

Freund, A. M. (2010). Teamarbeit zwischen jüngeren und älteren Erwachsenen: Die Rolle altersbezogener Unterschiede in der motivationalen Orientierung [Teamwork among younger and older adults: The role of age-related differences in motivational orientation]. In C. Spiel, B. Schober, P. Wagner, & R. Reimann (Eds.), Bildungspsychologie (pp. 270–274). Hogrefe.

Freund, A. M., & Lamb, M. E. (2010). Introduction: Social and emotional development across the life span. In M. E. Lamb & A. M. Freund (Eds.), Volume 2: Social and emotional development. In R. M. Lerner (Ed.), The handbook of life-span development (pp. 1–8). John Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470880166.hlsd002001

Freund, A. M., & Oberauer, K. (2010). Psychologie [Psychology]. In E.-M. Engelen, C. Fleischhack, C. G. Galizia, & K. Landfester (Eds.), Heureka: Evidenzkriterien in den Wissenschaften (pp. 217–240). Spektrum Akademischer Verlag.

Nikitin, J., & Freund, A. M. (2010). A motivational perspective on reactions to emotional faces. In A. Freitas-Magalhães (Ed.), Emotional expression: The brain and the face (Vol. 2, pp. 85–108). Universidade Fernando Pessoa.

Ebner, N. C., & Freund, A. M. (2009). Annäherungs- vs. Vermeidungsmotivation [Approach and avoidance motivation]. In V. Brandstätter & J. H. Otto (Eds.), Handbuch der Allgemeinen Psychologie: Motivation und Emotion (pp. 72–78). Hogrefe.

Freund, A. M., & Ziegelmann, J. P. (2009). Lebensqualität: Die Bedeutung von Selektion, Optimierung und Kompensation [Quality of life: The importance of selection, optimization, and compensation]. In J. Bengel & M. Jerusalem (Eds.), Handbuch der Gesundheitspsychologie und Medizinischen Psychologie (pp. 475–483). Hogrefe.

Freund, A. M. (2008). It depends . . . . In D. Ganten, V. Gerhardt, J.-C. Heilinger, & J. Nida-Rümelin (Eds.), Was ist der Mensch? (pp. 82–83). Walter de Gruyter.

Freund, A. M., & Oberauer, K. (2008). Bewusstsein als Korrektiv [Consciousness as correction]. In D. Ganten, V. Gerhardt, J.-C. Heilinger, & J. Nida-Rümelin (Eds.), Was ist der Mensch? (pp. 120–134). Walter de Gruyter.

Wiese, B. S., & Freund, A. M. (2008). Vereinbarkeit von Beruf und Familie [Combining work and family]. In D. Läge & A. Hirschi (Eds.), Berufliche Übergänge: Grundlagen für die Berufs-, Studien- und Laufbahnberatung (pp. 191–212). LIT.

Ebner, N. C., & Freund, A. M. (2007) Personality theories of successful aging: The role of goals and goal-related processes for adaptive development. In J. A. Blackburn & C. N. Dulmus (Eds.), Handbook of gerontology: Evidence-based approaches to theory, practice, and policy (pp. 87–116). John Wiley & Sons.

Freund, A. M. (2007). Differentiating and integrating levels of goal representation: A life-span perspective. In B. R. Little, K. Salmela-Aro, J. E. Nurmi, & S. D. Phillips (Eds.), Personal project pursuit: Goals, action and human flourishing (pp. 247–270). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.

Freund, A. M. (2007). Selektion, Optimierung und Kompensation im Kontext persönlicher Ziele: Das SOK-Modell [Selection, optimization, and compensation in the context of personal goals: The SOC model]. In J. Brandtstädter & U. Lindenberger (Eds.), Entwicklungspsychologie der Lebensspanne: Ein Lehrbuch (pp. 367–388). Kohlhammer.

Freund, A. M. (2007). Strategien der Lebensbewältigung im Alter [Strategies of life-management in late adulthood]. In M. Hasselhorn & W. Schneider (Eds.), Handbuch der Psychologie, Bd. 7. Handbuch der Entwicklungspsychologie (pp. 602–611). Hogrefe.

Freund, A. M., & Baltes, P. B. (2007). Toward a theory of successful aging: Selection, optimization, and compensation. In R. Fernández-Ballesteros (Ed.), GeroPsychology: European perspectives for an aging world (pp. 239–254). Hogrefe.

Freund, A. M. (2006). Selection, optimization, and compensation model. In R. Schulz (Ed.), The encyclopedia of aging: A comprehensive resource in gerontology and geriatrics (4th ed., pp. 1049–1051). Springer.

Freund, A. M., & Keil, A. (2006). Ein Grund zu bleiben: Liebe aus psychologisch-funktionalistischer Sicht [A reason to stay: Love from a psychological perspective]. In B. Röttger-Rössler & E.-M. Engelen (Eds.), Zur Kultur und Natur der Liebe (pp. 165–188). Mentis.

Freund, A. M., & Riediger, M. (2006). Goals as building blocks of personality and development in adulthood. In D. K. Mroczek & T. D. Little (Eds.), Handbook of personality development (pp. 353–372). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.

Baltes, P. B., Freund, A. M., & Li, S.-C. (2005). The psychological science of human aging. In M. Johnson, V. L. Bengston, P. G. Coleman, & T. B. L. Kirkwood (Eds.), The Cambridge handbook of age and ageing (pp. 47–71). Cambridge University Press.

Freund, A. M. (2005). Das Bild von Wissenschaftlern in der Öffentlichkeit: Eine empirische Studie [The image of scientists in public: An empirical investigation]. In E.-M. Engelen & R. M. Kiesow (Eds.), Gesichter der Wissenschaft: Eine Studie über gesellschaftliche Klischees von Wissenschaft (pp. 109–125). Berliner Wissenschafts-Verlag.

Freund, A. M., & Baltes, P. B. (2005). Entwicklungsaufgaben als Organisationsstrukturen von Entwicklung und Entwicklungsoptimierung [Developmental tasks as organizing structures of development]. In S.-H. Filipp & U. M. Staudinger (Eds.), Enzyclopädie der Psychologie: Entwicklungspsychologie (Vol. 6, pp. 35–78). Hogrefe.

Freund, A. M., & Ebner, N. C. (2005). The aging self: Shifting from promoting gains to balancing losses. In W. Greve, K. Rothermund, & D. Wentura (Eds.), The adaptive self: Personal continuity and intentional self-development (pp. 185–202). Hogrefe & Huber.

Freund, A. M., & Keil. A. (2005). Das Bild von Wissenschaftlern in der Öffentlichkeit [The image of scientists in the public]. In E.-M. Engelen & R. M. Kiesow (Eds.), Gesichter der Wissenschaft: Eine Studie über gesellschaftliche Klischees von Wissenschaft (pp. 109–125). Berliner Wissenschafts-Verlag.

Freund, A. M., & Riediger, M. (2005). Gerontopsychologie: Erfolgreiches Altern [Gerontopsychology: Successful Aging]. In H. Weber & T. Ramsayer (Eds.), Handbuch der Psychologie: Handbuch der Persönlichkeitspsychologie und Differentiellen Psychologie (pp. 564–571). Hogrefe.

Freund, A. M. (2004). Entwicklungsaufgaben [Developmental tasks]. In A. Kruse & M. Martin (Eds.), Lehrbuch für Gerontologie. Huber.

Baltes, P. B., & Freund, A. M. (2003). The intermarriage of wisdom and selective optimization with compensation (SOC): Two meta-heuristics guiding the conduct of life. In C. L. M. Keyes (Ed.), Flourishing: The positive person and the good life (pp. 249–273). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/10594-011

Freund, A. M., & Riediger, M. (2003). Successful aging. In R. M. Lerner, A. Easterbrooks, & J. Mistry (Eds.), Comprehensive handbook of psychology: Volume 6: Developmental psychology (pp. 601–628). John Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002/0471264385.wei0625

Baltes, P. B., & Freund, A. M. (2002). Human strength as the orchestration of wisdom and SOC. In U. M. Staudinger & L. Aspinwall (Eds.), A psychology of human strengths: Perspectives on an emerging field (pp. 23–35). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/10566-002

Freund, A. M. (2002). Selection, optimization, and compensation: A model of successful aging. The MacMillan encyclopedia of aging. Thomson Gale.

Freund, A. M. (2002). Selektion, Optimierung und Kompensation [Selection, optimization, and compensation]. In R. Schwarzer, M. Jerusalem, & H. Weber (Eds.), Gesundheitspsychologie von A bis Z (pp. 524–527). Hogrefe.

Freund, A. M. (2001). Developmental psychology of life-management. In N. J. Smelser & P. B. Baltes (Eds.), International encyclopedia of the social & behavioral sciences (Vol. 13, pp. 8827–8832). Elsevier Academic Press.

Freund, A. M. (2000). Das Selbst im hohen Alter [The self in old age]. In W. Greve (Ed.), Psychologie des Selbst (pp. 115–129). Psychologie Verlags Union.

Freund, A. M., & Baltes, P. B. (2000). The orchestration of selection, optimization, and compensation: An action-theoretical conceptualization of a theory of developmental regulation. In W. J. Perrig & A. Grob (Eds.), Control of human behaviour, mental processes and consciousness: Essays in honor of the 60th birthday of August Flammer (pp. 35–58). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.

Freund, A. M., & Staudinger, U. M. (2000). Developmental psychology through adult life and old age. In M. G. Gelder, N. C. Andreasen, & J. J. López-Ibor, Jr. (Eds.), New Oxford Textbook of Psychiatry (pp. 267–271). Oxford University Press.

Wiese, B. S., & Freund, A. M. (2000). The interplay of work and family in young and middle adulthood. In J. Heckhausen (Ed.), Motivational psychology of human development: Developing motivation and motivating development (pp. 233–250). Elsevier Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-4115(00)80014-X

Baltes, M. M., Freund, A. M., & Horgas, A. L. (1999). Men and women in the Berlin Aging Study. In P. B. Baltes & K. U. Mayer (Eds.), The Berlin Aging Study: Aging from 70 to 100 (pp. 259–281). Cambridge University Press.

Baltes, P. B., Baltes, M. M., Freund, A. M., & Lang, F. R. (1999). The measurement of selection, optimization, and compensation (SOC) by self report. Technical Report 1999. Materialien aus der Bildungsforschung.

Freund, A. M., Li, K. Z. H., & Baltes, P. B. (1999). The role of selection, optimization, and compensation in successful aging. In J. Brandtstädter & R. M. Lerner (Eds.), Action and development: Origins and functions of intentional self-development (pp. 401–434). Sage Publications. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452204802.n14

Staudinger, U. M., Freund, A. M., Linden, M., & Maas, I. (1999). Self, personality, and life regulation: Facets of psychological resilience in old age. In P. B. Baltes & K. U. Mayer (Eds.), The Berlin Aging Study: Aging from 70 to 100 (pp. 302–328). Cambridge University Press.

Freund A. M., & Smith, J. (1998). Wie definieren sich alte und sehr alte Menschen? [How do old and very old people define themselves?]. In M. Malwitz-Schütte (Ed.), Lernen im Alter (pp. 29–55). Waxmann.

Baltes, M. M., Horgas, A. L., Klingenspor, B., Freund, A. M., & Carstensen, L. L. (1996). Geschlechtsunterschiede in der Berliner Altersstudie [Age differences in the Berlin Aging Study]. In K. U. Mayer & P. B. Baltes (Eds.), Die Berliner Altersstudie (pp. 573–589). Akademie Verlag.

Staudinger, U. M., Freund, A. M., Linden, M., & Maas, I. (1996). Selbst, Persönlichkeit und Lebensgestaltung im Alter: Psychologische Widerstandsfähigkeit und Vulnerabilität [Self, personality, and life-management in old age: Psychological resilience and vulnerability]. In K. U. Mayer & P. B. Baltes (Eds.), Die Berliner Altersstudie (pp. 321–350). Akademie Verlag.

Carstensen, L. L., Hanson, K. A., & Freund, A. M. (1995). Selection and compensation in adulthood. In R. A. Dixon & L. Bäckman (Eds.), Compensating for psychological deficits and declines: Managing losses and promoting gains (pp. 107–126). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Books

Wilkening, F., Freund, A. M., & Martin, M. (2009). Entwicklungspsychologie Kompakt. Beltz.

Freund, A. M. (1995). Wer bin ich? Die Selbstdefinition alter Menschen. [Who am I? Self-definition in old age]. Sigma.

Editorship

Freund, A. M. & Rolison, J. (2024). Special Issue “The Psychology of Aging”. Current Opinion in Psychology.

Freund, A. M., Martin, M., Brandstätter, V., & Hennecke, M. (Guest Eds.). (2021). Motivation and healthy aging. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, 76(S2). https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbab128

Freund, A. M., & Isaacowitz, D. M. (2014). Special section "Social perception and aging." Psychology and Aging, 29(3).

Freund, A. M. (Ed.). (2011). Special section "The role of gender in school-related transitions and beyond." International Journal of Behavioral Development, 35(3).

Lamb, M. E., & Freund, A. M. (Vol. Eds.). (2010). The handbook of life-span development: Vol. 2. Social and emotional development. John Wiley & Sons.

Freund, A. M., & Staudinger, U. M. (Eds.). (2008). Special issue "Lifespan psychology: The legacy of Paul Baltes." Research in Human Development, 5(2).

Vec, M., Hütt, M.-T., & Freund, A. M. (Eds.). (2006). Selbstorganisation: Ein Denksystem für Natur und Gesellschaft [Self-organization: A cognitive system for nature and society]. Böhlau.

Other publications

de Waal, F. B. M., Hrdy, S. B., Rockström, J., Freund, A. M., Heinrichs, M., Schwartz, R., Tangiora, P., Soetendorp, A., Courau, T.-M., Murabit, A., Snower, D. J., Collier, P., Sowa, T., Williams, J., Eliasson, O., Elworthy, S., & Laloux, F. (2019). Power and Care: Toward Balance for our Common Future – Science, Society, and Spirituality. MIT Press.

Riediger, M., & Freund, A. M. (2007). Intergoal relations in the context of starting to exercise: A case of positive development from younger to older adulthood. International Society for the Study of Behavioural Development Newsletter, 52(2), 8–11.

Vec, M., Beer, B., Engelen, E.-M., Freund, A. M., Kiesow, R.-M., Korte, M., Schollwöck, M., & Westphal, H. (2006). Der Campus-Knigge: Von Abschreiben bis Zweitgutachten [Campus etiquette: From cheating to the second referee]. Beck.

Freund, A. M. (2005). Das Bild von Wissenschaftlern in der Öffentlichkeit: Eine empirische Studie [The image of scientists in the public: An empirical study]. In E.-M. Engelen & R. M. Kiesow (Eds.), Gesichter der Wissenschaft: Eine Studie über gesellschaftliche Klischees von Wissenschaft (pp. 109–129). Berliner Wissenschafts-Verlag.

Freund, A. M., & Keil, A. (2005). Psychologen [Psychologists]. In E.-M. Engelen & R. M. Kiesow (Eds.), Gesichter der Wissenschaft: Eine Studie über gesellschaftliche Klischees von Wissenschaft (pp. 67–82). Berliner Wissenschafts-Verlag.

Book Chapters

Freund, A. M., Napolitano, C. M., & Knecht, M. (2015). Life-management through selection, optimization, and compensation. In N. A. Pachana (Ed.), Encyclopedia of geropsychology. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-080-3_130-1

Napolitano, C. M., & Freund, A. M. (2016). Model of selection, optimization, and compensation. In S. Krauss Whitbourne (Ed.), The encyclopedia of adulthood and aging (pp. 1-5). Wiley-Blackwell.